The invention discloses a remote operation method based on WebRTC and a system. According to the method, WebRTC connection between a control end and a controlled end is established; the screen content data of the controlled end is acquired by the controlled end and is sent to the control end through WebRTC connection; the screen content data is analyzed and displayed by the control end; an inputted remote operation command is received by the control end and is sent to the controlled end through WebRTC connection; the remote operation command is received by the controlled end and is analyzed and performed. Through the method, a platform-independent, simple and effective screen sharing and remote operation mode is provided, a point-to-point, stable, efficient, high throughput, low time-delay data transmission channel between the control end and the controlled end is established, more timely screen transmission is realized, and great convenience for users is realized.