The invention discloses a full-spectrum detector for rapidly detecting foods and a detection method of the detector. According to the full-spectrum detector, the output end of an ARM (Advanced RISC Machines) embedded type system is connected with a power stabilizing circuit, a broadband light source and an illumination optical fiber in sequence, wherein incident light transmitted by the broadband light source is irradiated to a solution to be tested in a sample tank through the illumination optical fiber and is partially absorbed by the solution to be tested to obtain emergent light; the emergent light is led into a full-spectrum light-splitting light path by a measurement optical fiber to be subjected to light splitting and then is irradiated to a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) detector; the CCD detector is used for detecting the light-split emergent light and sending detection data to a signal acquisition circuit; the signal acquisition circuit is used for processing measurement data to obtain full-spectrum information and sending the full-spectrum information to the ARM embedded type system; the ARM embedded type system is further connected with a data storage chip and a display module. The full-spectrum detector is small in volume, compact in structure and convenient to carry, can be used for measuring accurately and can be widely applied to field detection on the foods.