The invention discloses a method for GPU-based (Graphics Processing Unit) object three-dimensional shape measurement, and belongs to the technical field of object three-dimensional measurement. The method particularly comprises the following steps: projecting structure grating to the surface of an object to be measured by a projector; shooting the surface of the object to be measured by two cameras simultaneously to obtain two groups of image sequences; storing the two groups of image sequences into computer memory; completing distortion correction, phase demodulation, corresponding points matching and three-dimensional reconstruction for the image by a GPU in parallel; transmitting the object three-dimensional coordinate obtained through three-dimensional reconstruction to the computer memory by the GPU; repeating the above steps until the measurement is complete, and releasing the GPU and the storing space. The method adopts multi-core GPU to realize the parallel calculation at thread level, greatly increases data processing speed, and can satisfy the real-time requirement for three-dimensional measurement of a dynamic object.