The invention relates to a solar PV distributed generation lighting device mounted on a high-speed rice transplanter, and belongs to the technical field of new energy lighting in agricultural machinery. Sunlight irradiates solar batteries on a ceiling of the high-speed rice transplanter mounted at the upper part of a supporting rod of the ceiling to generate current, the current is input into a controller through a conductive wire for regulation, and then the current is input into energy storage batteries through the conductive wire for electrical energy storage. The current output from the energy storage batteries supplies power for rear LED (light emitting diode) illuminating lamps mounted on rear LED illuminating lamp hollow supporting rod through the conductive wire, the controller and a first button switch, and the scene of grabbing and transplanting rice seedlings by transplanting claws is illuminated; and the current output from the energy storage batteries supplies power for front LED illuminating lamps mounted in the front of the rice transplanter through the conductive wire, the controller and a second button switch, and the scene of paddy fields to be transplanted in front of the rice transplanter is illuminated. According to the solar PV distributed generation lighting device mounted on the high-speed rice transplanter, the lighting conditions during the operation of the high-speed rice transplanter are improved, and the improvement on the transplanting operation quality of the transplanted rice seedlings is facilitated.