The invention discloses a rolling bearing multi-fault coupling mechanism and early fault feature extraction method in the technical field of rolling bearing research. The method comprises the following specific steps: S1, analyzing a vibration mode of a rolling bearing based on nonlinear dynamics; S2, performing fault evolution analysis of the rolling bearing based on the bifurcation theory; S3, extracting fault features of the rolling bearing based on a chaotic feature quantity; S4: carrying out the simulation analysis and fast testing of the fatigue life; S5, carrying out the nonlinear dynamic coupling analysis and early fault feature extraction of the rolling bearing. The method employs a nonlinear dynamics method to analyze the multi-fault coupling features of the rolling bearing in afatigue life test, employs the bifurcation theory to analyze the change rule of a vibration signal in the evolution process of a single fault and the path to chaos, employs the characteristic that anarray subsystem is extremely sensitive to small parameter disturbances for achieving the early fault feature extraction and diagnosis of the rolling bearing.