The invention discloses an agricultural product supply and demand monitoring system based on big data, which includes a plurality of regional data acquisition systems, a master data processor, and cloud storage. Each regional data acquisition system transmits collected and sorted data to the master data processor, and the data is processed by the master data processor and then saved to the cloud storage. Each regional data acquisition system includes a logistics monitoring system, a production environment monitoring system, a regional processor, a GPRS communication module, and a power supply module which provides power for the regional processor and the GPRS communication module. The system has the advantages as follows: the accurate output of each agricultural product in each region and the quantity, unit price and logistics information of each transaction can be acquired, so that an accurate relationship between supply and demand can be provided; and every peasant household and purchaser can release supply and demand in the monitoring system and have an understanding of logistics information, and great convenience is brought to every peasant household, purchaser and logistics company.