The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a self-repairing microcapsule and liquid type blue-light-resistant optical coating. The preparation method comprises the steps: firstly preparing a submicron-scale or micron-scale urea formaldehyde microcapsule containing a liquid type self-pairing agent, wherein the refractive index of the self-repairing agent is highly matched with that of a macromolecular material for preparing the coating; mixing the microcapsule, the macromolecular material and a blue light absorbent in an organic solvent uniformly at a certain ratio to obtain a product solution; and finally coating a substrate material with the obtained solution by a certain method to obtain the functional optical coating. The functional coating prepared by the method has excellent blue-light resistance; meanwhile, the coating is integrally transparent, and can finish self repairing by virtue of the liquid type self-repairing agent released by the microcapsule which is broken simultaneously through swelling coating when being damaged by an external force; compared with the traditional blue-light-resistant functional coating adopting a multi-layer structure, and the functional coating is simpler in preparation process and lower in cost.