A number-of-people detection system includes at least one binocular camera and a computing circuit. A lens of the binocular camera is configured to capture at least one image of a target area. The computing circuit is electrically connected to the binocular camera, wherein the binocular camera is adapted to transmit the captured image to the computing circuit for analysis. When the captured image of the binocular camera shows that at least one human body in the target area, the computing circuit analyzes the captured image of the binocular camera and calculates a distance from the human body to the binocular camera by using a binocular vision method to determine a three-dimensional world coordinate relationship between the human body and the target area, so as to determine a number of people located in the target area.