The invention relates to the field of medical intermediates, and particularly discloses a production process of 4-chloropyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, which comprises the following steps: S1, adding a compound I and a compound II into a mixed solvent I, and carrying out heating reaction under the catalysis of alkali I to obtain a compound III; and S2, adding sodium alkoxide I into an alcohol solvent II, adding a compound IV and a compound III for a heating reaction, and adding an organic solvent III, an organic solvent IV and a compound V for a heating reaction, so as to obtain a 4-chloropyrrolo [2, 3-d] pyrimidine crude product, wherein the compound I is shown in the specification, the compound II is shown in the specification, the compound III is shown in the specification, the compound IV is formamidine acetate, and the compound V is POCl3. According to the preparation method, he bromo-acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal and ethyl cyanoacetate are subjected to a reflux reaction, and prepared ethyl 2-cyano-4,4-methoxybutyrate and the formamidine acetate are subjected to one-pot chlorination reaction, so that the reaction period is greatly shortened.