The invention provides a 2-stage in-well pipe-rod oil extraction apparatus, which comprises an oil-pumping rod combination, a stage-II oil pipe combination, a stage-II oil pump plunger, a stage-II oil pump cylinder, a link rod, a stage-I oil pump plunger, a stage-I oil pump cylinder, a stage-II fixed valve, a stage-II throw-rod type oil releaser, a stage-I oil pipe combination, a stage-I fixed valve, a stage-I throw-rod type oil releaser and a casing pipe. In the casing pipe, from up to down, the stage-II oil pipe combination, the stage-II oil pump cylinder, a stage-I oil pump cylinder, the stage-II fixed valve, the stage-I throw-rod type oil releaser and the stage-I fixed valve are arranged; a stage-I oil pump plunger is connected through the link rod with the stage-II oil pump plunger, which is connected with the oil-pumping rod combination. The apparatus employs double stages of fixed valves, two oil pumps, two oil releasers and two stages of oil pipes, so that the location of the lower pump of the oil pumps will not be restricted by the level in the casing pipe, and oil can be extracted even from the deeply buried oil layer; in addition, the suspended weight of the oil pumps is reduced, the production cost is reduced.