The invention relates to the technical field of semiconductor manufacturing and computers, and discloses a semiconductor wafer acceptability-based test method, which comprises the following steps of: transmitting a data file generated by a test machine to a file temporary storage system in real time through a file transfer protocol; reading and analyzing all the files into the database within the time period, and deleting the files after the read files are stored; presetting a task request; according to the formulated data judgment task request, obtaining judged wafer batch test data, presetting an activation rule, performing combined judgment on the wafer batch test data according to the activation rule, and obtaining a judgment result; and feeding back a judgment result to the manufacturing execution management system, performing automatic station crossing, and providing a report interface according to the judgment result to display to a user for viewing. The invention further provides a testing system based on the acceptability of the semiconductor wafer. The processing design and implementation of a mass data set during wafer acceptability testing in the semiconductor manufacturing process are achieved.