The invention provides an atmospheric compensation method suitable for a
thermal infrared remote sensing image, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining observation image data and matched
atmospheric profile and surface
emissivity spectral information, carrying out the
quality control and
information extraction, and carrying out the
information fusion; selecting a proper sliding window length and a proper sliding step length, and extracting corresponding
atmospheric profile information window by window; calculating atmospheric parameter information of each window position by using an
atmospheric radiation transmission model, and calculating a fine atmospheric parameter matrix in each window by using a linear or
nonlinear interpolation method; and calculating the cost function of the
window function value, calculating the function value of the
window function value window by window / pixel by using the cost function, returning each corresponding atmospheric parameter, and completing an
atmospheric correction process. The method does not depend on any empirical relation and special pixels and is suitable for various common earth surfaces and atmospheric environments andcan achieve the synchronous compensation of the
atmospheric temperature profile and the
humidity profile and is higher in universality and practical value.