An electronic device may include a substrate and a stacked arrangement of
layers thereon. The stacked arrangement of
layers may include a photovoltaic layer above the substrate, and an antenna
ground plane above the photovoltaic layer. The antenna
ground plane may include a first
electrically conductive mesh layer being optically transmissive. The stacked arrangement of
layers may further include a
patch antenna above the photovoltaic layer and may include a second
electrically conductive mesh layer being optically transmissive.