The invention provides a fast selection method and a fast selection device of an inter-frame prediction mode, and electronic equipment. The method comprises the steps of judging whether a current coding unit is a minimal coding unit with preset depth; if no, dividing the current coding unit into four sub-coding units; computing a rate-distortion cost of the current coding unit under a Split mode and a minimal rate-distortion cost of the current coding unit under a to-be-selected undivided mode; and determining the best prediction mode of the current coding unit according to the rate-distortioncost under the Split mode and the minimal rate-distortion cost under the to-be-selected undivided mode. According to the method provided by the invention, the best prediction mode is determined according to the rate-distortion cost under the Split mode and the minimal rate-distortion cost under the to-be-selected undivided mode, good coding quality and high coding rate can be simultaneously effectively achieved, the coding rate can be greatly improved under the premise of ensuring the coding quality, and the problem that the existing method is difficult to simultaneously achieve good coding quality and high coding rate is alleviated.