The invention provides a characteristic building elevation surveying and mapping method based on images. Firstly, a typical component CAD graph representing the style of a characteristic building is obtained in a method based on the images, a characteristic component
database is built, then a wall face
critical dimension is obtained as a constraints by means of
photogrammetry, the typical component CAD graph on the building is deformed to generate a characteristic component consistent with the size of the building to be measured, and a surveying and mapping CAD graph of the characteristic building is generated. By means of
texture synthesis and texture clipping, corresponding areas having large-area repetition structure characteristics on the wall face are quickly filled. Only one structure unit is measured for the repetition structure characteristics, and other repeated units are quickly generated by means of
copying. The method can precisely measure the size of an elevation of the building, can accurately describe partial detail characteristics of a characteristic component, has the advantages of being low in cost, convenient, flexible and efficient, and can be widely used in elevation surveying and mapping of characteristic buildings of various types.