The invention belongs to the field of Internet of Things communication, and relates to a multi-layer gateway data transmission system and method based on LoRa positioning, and the system comprises anLoRa terminal, an LoRa main gateway, a plurality of LoRa auxiliary gateways, a network server, and an application server. The terminal communicates with the at least three auxiliary gateways in respective allocated time slots by adopting the TDMA technology; each main gateway is connected with three auxiliary gateways; the main gateway is connected with the server through TCP/IP; the main gatewaytransmits data to the DTU, when the DTU is in a working state, the main gateway continuously sends the data to the DTU, and when the DTU is in a dormant state, the main gateway stores the data and waits for the DTU to wake up and then transmits the data again; the DTU transmits the data to a network server through a wireless network; the application server receives the data transmitted by the network server and calculates the positioning position of the terminal. According to the invention, the gateway is subjected to multi-layer processing, so that the stability, data security and transmission efficiency of the gateway are improved.