The invention provides an adaptive variable compression engine piston, relating to an engine piston. The invention is characterized in that the piston is composed of a gas mixture combustion pressure control piston lifting system, an oil filling system and a cooling system, wherein the gas mixture combustion pressure control piston lifting system comprises an upper oil chamber (4) consisting of apiston shell (1) and an upper oil pressure piston (2) and a lower oil chamber (28) consisting of the piston shell (1) and a lower oil pressure piston (17); the oil filling system comprises a connecting rod internal oil duct (22), a connecting rod small end oil groove (21), a piston pin internal oil duct (25), a piston lower support internal oil groove (27) and an oil filling check valve (16); thecooling system comprises the connecting rod internal oil duct (22), the connecting rod small end oil groove (21) which is communicated with the piston pin internal oil duct (25) and a cooling oil spray hole (24), and a cooling oil duct (8). The piston can be automatically adapted to the compression ratios of the engine under different working conditions and can greatly enhance gas mixture combustion efficiency and torque under medium and low loads.