The invention relates to the technical field of metal smelting, and aims to provide a device and a method for treating thallium-containing wastewater in non-ferrous metal metallurgy, the device comprises a first-section liquid purifying device, a second-section liquid purifying device and a third-section liquid purifying device, liquid in the first-section liquid purifying device is heated to 40-50 DEG C, sodium sulfide and a flocculating agent are added, the temperature of the liquid in the second-section liquid purifying device is increased to 40-50 DEG C, and the temperature of the liquid in the third-section liquid purifying device is increased to 40-50 DEG C; adding a specific agent and a reducing agent after heating to 50-60 DEG C, adding a specific agent and a reducing agent after heating to 50-60 DEG C, adding a specific agent and a reducing agent after heating to 50-60 DEG C, adding a specific agent and a reducing agent after heating to 50-60 DEG C, adding a second-section purified liquid into a clarification tank for natural precipitation, then adding a third-section liquid purifying device for adsorption purification, and detecting the purified liquid. And discharging the qualified clean liquid from the clean liquid outlet. By adopting the method of combining primary filtration, mixed clarification and multiple adsorption filtration, the problem that the thallium element in the lead-zinc smelting effluent of the ore with higher thallium content cannot stably reach the standard is effectively solved, the environmental risk is reduced, and the harm of thallium enrichment to human health is avoided.