Wavefront subaperture inversion method of optical system

The invention provides a wavefront subaperture inversion method of an optical system. The method comprises the steps that a plurality of subaperture wavefronts are tested, and the spatial location relation of a subaperture and a full aperture is acquired; the corresponding relation of the Zernike coefficients of the full aperture and all the subaperture wavefronts is solved, and a conversion matrix of the Zernike coefficients of the subaperture and the full aperture is established; the Zernike coefficients of the subaperture wavepoints are extracted, and the Zernike coefficient of the full aperture is solved through a matrix division method; the Zernike coefficient of the full aperture is inverted to obtain an accurate system wavefront. According to the wavefront subaperture inversion method of the optical system, the full aperture testing problem is solved by subaperture equipment, the test cost can be greatly saved, the number of needed subapeatures is small, and the testing efficiency is high.