The invention relates to an anti-collision device for a bridge with an arched bridge opening. The anti-collision device includes abutments or bases arranged in a front area and a back area of a bridge pier or an abutment, and anti-collision navigation frames are arranged on bearing platforms of the abutments or bases. Each navigation frame includes a streamline or beveled navigation head, a navigation framework on the channel side and penetrating the bridge opening, and a buffer device, wherein the navigation frame can be placed on a linear moving mechanism which is disposed on each bearing platform, and the buffer device is arranged on the bearing platforms and is used for force balancing or delivering. The navigation frames can be provided with weight balancing devices, auxiliary supports and high limit anti-collision frames, and roller wheel devices for navigation energy dissipation are arranged on the sides of the navigation frames. The anti-collision device has the advantages that when ships yaw and collide the navigation frames, the course can be corrected under navigation of the streamline navigation heads; when the ships exceed the high limit and collide the high limit anti-collision frames, the navigation frames will be driven to drive the linear moving mechanism and make the buffer device to act, the ships consume ship collision energy, then the ship reduce speed and anchor, and thus the bridge frame can be protected.