The invention provides an optical fiber signal encoder which comprises an optical fiber signal input module, an SDI signal receiving module, an HDMI signal sending module, an SDI signal driving module, an HDMI signal receiving module, an encoding main processor module and a switch module. According to the optical fiber signal encoder provided by the invention, data are transmitted through an optical fiber signal, so that a problem of video ultra-long-distance transmission is solved. An optical fiber signal is converted into an HDMI signal to be sent, and efficient compression of a video signalis completed; meanwhile, the received HDMI signal is converted into a BT1120 video signal, and then the BT1120 video signal is converted into an RTSP network flow based on UDP through secondary coding for network distribution, so that problems of real-time playing, bandwidth transmission, storage, high-definition display and the like of the video are solved.