The invention relates to the technical field of riverbed ecology, in particular to an ecological recycling device for riverbed bottom mud. The device comprises a suspension module, a circulation module and a controller. The bottom mud is in a low dissolved oxygen state in a riverbed, so that the decomposition activity of aerobic microorganisms in the bottom mud is inconvenient, organic matter in a water body is further converted under an anaerobic condition, and the water body quality of a riverway is reduced. Therefore, a folding rod arranged in the suspension module is matched with a waterwheel plate in the circulation module to control the state conversion of a floating platform and an anchor frame when the riverbed bottom mud is circulated, the bottom mud is transferred into an aeration net, metabolism of microorganisms in the bottom mud is facilitated, organic matter in the bottom mud is decomposed, and the bottom mud is deposited in the riverbed after circulation of the bottom mud is completed, so that the chemical oxygen demand of a water body is reduced, the growth of aquatic plants at the riverbed part is promoted, and the ecological balance of the riverbed is maintained, thereby improving the operation effect of the ecological recycling device for the riverbed bottom mud.