The invention provides a novel anti-explosion door of a vertical air shaft and relates to the field of coal mine safety protection and mine ventilation system adjustment. The novel anti-explosion door comprises a door body structure and a counter weight device. The door body structure comprises a rupture disk and a steel structure. The counter weight device comprises a balancing counter weight (1) and a revolving support shaft (2). The door body structure is fixedly connected with the balancing counter weight via a steel beam. The shape of a door body can be manufactured according to actual situations. The rupture disk designed and mounted in the door body can instantly crush at limited pressure so as to depressurize to protect a main ventilator; An overturning mode of revolution of the anti-explosion door and the design of a spare shaft cover (8) meet requirements on automatic opening of the anti-explosion door when a fan stops, and the problem that disaster is enlarged due to the fact that inverted ventilation or normal ventilation cannot be performed in a short time after the anti-explosion door is destroyed by over-strong blast generated by gas explosion or coal-dust explosion is avoided.