The invention discloses a binocular distance measurement device and method, and an accelerator radiotherapy system comprising the same. The binocular distance measurement device is composed of two optical sensors, a calibration processing module, and a distance measurement module. The two optical sensors are used for carrying out digital image collection on a measured object. The calibration processing module is used for carrying out binocular stereo calibration and coordinate system calibration to obtain a calibration result. The distance measurement module carries out distortion correction processing on a collected original digital image based on the calibration result obtained by the calibration processing module and acquires a real-time distance between a radioactive source and a target by combining a Kalman prediction algorithm, a template matching algorithm, and an angular point extraction algorithm. According to the invention, because of combination of the Kalman prediction algorithm, the template matching algorithm, and the angular point extraction algorithm based on the binocular distance measurement system, the calculation precision is improved substantially and the processing speed of the algorithm is increased; and a real-time processing effect is realized in actual hospital treatment.