The invention provides a method for optimizing a design of a vertical seismic profile observation system for seismic exploration, which comprises the following steps: establishing a seismic geological model by known data; distributing more than two different observation systems; forwarding a response of a seismic wave field; calculating a position of a reflective spot, incident and reflection angles and length or ray impact frequency, and counting characteristic parameters again to construct an analysis map; and determining the optimal scheme for actual exploration according to a geological target. The method adopts multi-parameter analysis based on a spacial model, has strong rationality of results, adapts to details, can improve data acquisition quality, is suitable for homogeneous spaces and one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional models, can be used for non-zero spacing, Walkaway and 3D-3C VSP exploration designs, and also can be used for analyzing VSP exploration designs of longitudinal waves, transverse waves and converted waves.