The invention provides an oil pipe traction system for hoisting an oil pipe under pressure and a hoisting method. The oil pipe traction system comprises a guide rope, a traction rope, a sliding deviceand a hoisting device, wherein one end of the guide rope is connected with an operation table, and the other end of the guide rope is fixed to the ground; the sliding device is arranged on the guiderope and can slide on the guide rope; one end of the traction rope is connected with the sliding device, and the other end of the traction rope is connected with the lower end of an oil pipe; and thehoisting device lifts the oil pipe so that the oil pipe can ascend along the guide rope through the traction rope, and the hoisting device lowers the oil pipe so that the oil pipe can descend along the guide rope through the traction rope. The hoisting method comprises the step of hoisting the oil pipe through the oil pipe traction system. The oil pipe traction system has the beneficial effect ofbeing applicable to automatic traction and guide of the oil pipe in the process of lifting and lowering the oil pipe under pressure.