The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a pleural effusion suction device for cardiovascular surgery, which comprises a moving seat, a fixing frame, container barrels, an end cover, a drainage mechanism and an air sac, wherein the multiple container barrels are placed on the moving seat, the end cover is connected with the container barrels in a clamped mode, the fixing frame is fixedly connected with the moving seat, and the fixing frame is fixedly connected with the container barrels. The fixing frame is fixedly connected with the liquid guide mechanism which is communicated with the end cover, and the air bag is communicated with the liquid guide mechanism. The container barrels are driven by the movable seat to move to the corresponding positions, the air bag is pressed by the hand, negative pressure is generated in the drainage mechanism after external force disappears, pleural effusion enters from an inlet of the drainage mechanism and flows into the container barrels, and the extracted effusion is dispersed and contained by the multiple container barrels. The situation that the liquid suction time is prolonged due to the fact that the container barrel is full and replaced is avoided, and wound healing is facilitated.