The invention discloses an
operation safety evaluation method and
system of a railway freight vehicle. According to the method, a
mass, a
centroid position and a
rotary inertia parameter of a vehiclebody loaded with cargos are calculated based on data collected by a
data acquisition device; the
mass, the
centroid position and the
rotary inertia parameter of the vehicle body loaded with cargos areinputted into a vehicle-track
coupling dynamics model as dynamic parameters; a required wheel-rail
contact force is calculated by combining the running condition of the vehicle; a
derailment coefficient, an overturning coefficient and a
wheel load shedding rate of the vehicle are respectively calculated; and then whether the
derailment coefficient, the overturning coefficient and the
wheel load shedding rate meet corresponding safety conditions is determined to determine whether the
safety index of the vehicle is qualified. Therefore, because of consideration of the characteristic of the loaddiscrete distribution of the railway freight vehicle, the running safety state of the railway freight vehicle can be evaluated accurately and effectively, so that the risk of overturning and
derailment of the railway freight vehicle is reduced.