The invention discloses an intelligent rainwater system based on runoff simulation and multi-sensor monitoring, and an operation method. The system comprises a runoff simulation and control host basedon a GIS, a meteorological forecast and runoff satellite monitoring server, a distributed small meteorological station, a vertical surface rain condition monitor, a movable rainfall radar, an infrared video monitor, an evaporation measuring instrument, a rainwater pipe network flow monitor, a water quality online monitor, an air quality monitor, a radar rainfall monitor, an infiltration area saturation monitor, an accumulation area water level monitor, a shallow-layer underground water level monitor, a surface runoff monitor, a waterproof unmanned aerial vehicle with a speed measuring buoy, an optical fiber temperature sensing system, an optical fiber pressure sensing system, a communication module, an intelligent controller, a rainwater utilization facility water supply point, a high-position rainwater hydroelectric generation module, a submersible conveying pump, a pressurization infiltration device and the like. According to various parameters, the rainfall flood disasters are subjected to scientific early warning and warning, and measures are adopted, so that the disaster risk of rainfall flood disasters to a building area or a building can be reduced.