The invention belongs to the technical field of biomedical materials and particularly relates to a silicon-phosphorus-based composite stent as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: (1) dispersing silicon-phosphorus nanosheets, and then, adding an organic matter for reaction to obtain organic matter modified silicon-phosphorus nanosheets; (2) ultrasonically dispersing the organic matter modified silicon-phosphorus nanosheets, adding a biopolymer material, and carrying out uniform mixing to obtain a precursor; and (3) adding a cross-linking agent into the precursor, injecting the mixture into a mold, and performing ultraviolet irradiation to form a three-dimensional cross-linked network, thereby obtaining the silicon-phosphorus-based composite stent. According to the silicon-phosphorus-based composite stent as well as the preparation method and application thereof, silicon-phosphorus nanosheets are modified by the organic matter, the organic matter forms an organic coating layer on the surface of each silicon-phosphorus nanosheet, and the silicon-phosphorus nanosheets and the organic coating layers are combined through chemical bonds or Van der Waals force, so that the stability of the silicon-phosphorus nanosheets can be improved, and the dispersity of the silicon-phosphorus nanosheets in the composite stent can be improved.