The invention discloses a power battery thermal management system with functions of efficient heat dissipation and efficient heating. The power battery thermal management system comprises a power battery case and a thermal management system, wherein a plurality of battery monomers are adjacently aligned to form a battery pack placed inside a battery case housing, a composite phase change material plate is sandwiched between the gap of the adjacent batteries and the surface of the outermost side battery in the battery pack width direction, the composite phase change material plates and thermal pipes are combined to form composite phase change material thermal pipe coupling components, the composite phase change material thermal pipe coupling components are additionally arranged on both sides of the battery pack, the thermal pipes extends from the through holes on the battery module housing, the extending ends are connected to heating devices and heat dissipation fans, and a programmable automatic temperature regulator treats the signal from a temperature sensor by programming so as to determine whether the fans and the heating devices are started. The power battery thermal management system of the present invention has advantages of simple and firm whole structure, high efficiency, stable operating, and the like. In addition, the battery pack can be subjected to direct, unified and uniform cooling and heating, such that the battery can work at the appropriate temperature range, and the electric vehicle battery thermal management system is improved.