The embodiment of the invention discloses an elastic balance mechanism and an elastic balance type double-acting valve. The elastic balance mechanism may comprise an elastic balance cylinder, a valvecylinder and a power source providing assembly. According to the elastic balance mechanism, when a power source is stable, an elastic piece keeps compressed under the action of the elastic balance mechanism, and a pneumatic valve or an oil pressure valve has normal double-acting opening and closing functions; when the power source is unstable or lost, the elastic piece is expanded immediately under the action of the elastic balance mechanism, and the pneumatic valve or the oil pressure valve is at a fault closing (FC ) position or a fault opening (FO) position; and at the moment, in cooperation with the power-on position and the power-off position of a solenoid valve, the valve can select multiple states such as fault positions of FLC, FLO, EFC and EFO. The elastic balance mechanism in theembodiment can be widely applied to valves such as a stop valve, a butterfly valve, a ball valve, a gate valve and a regulating valve, and is used for coping with the restriction of dangerous workingconditions of air shortage of double-acting valves and the risk of fatigue damage to springs of single-acting valves.