A security element including: a first layer having a first surface; an array of image regions across the first surface arranged along at least a second direction, each region including at least a first image sub-region having an average inclination defining an angle, relative to a plane of the security element, about an image region axis extending along a first direction; a diffractive optically variable effect generating structure provided in or on the first surface across the first image sub-regions, the structure including diffractive elements that extend along a direction within 45° of the first direction, wherein the structure is provided across the first image sub-regions and spatially arranged and / or modulated across the first image sub-regions in accordance with a first image so the first image is displayed by the first image sub-regions in combination at least at a first viewing angle. Also, a method of manufacturing the security element.