The invention relates to a bulletproof plate made of carbon fiber composites and a method for manufacturing the bulletproof plate. The bulletproof plate comprises a rigid face layer, a face layer connecting transition layer, an energy absorption layer, a back layer connecting transition layer and a rigid back layer which are formed by means of hot pressing. The rigid face layer is made of carbon fiber resin-based composites; the face layer connecting transition layer and the back layer connecting transition layer are made of prepreg, and energy absorption fibers and carbon fibers with immersed thermosetting resin are braided to form the prepreg; multilayer plates made of energy absorption fiber-reinforced composites are pressed to form the energy absorption layer; toughened and modified thermosetting resin and one type or a plurality of types of high-performance carbon fibers, basalt fibers and ceramic fibers are composited and pressed to form the rigid back layer. The bulletproof plate and the method have the advantages that the bulletproof plate is made of multilayer composite materials, can effectively resist impact force of bullets and is light as compared with the traditional bulletproof materials, and the bullet penetration depths can be effectively reduced.