The invention discloses an air traffic control monitoring response signal feature extraction method and device, equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining an A/C mode response signal and an S mode response signal, and carrying out the signal preprocessing of the A/C mode response signal and the S mode response signal; obtaining a response signal set with an A-mode code label and a response signal set with an S-mode code label; performing self-Wigner distribution on all signals in the response signal set with the A-mode code label and the response signal set with the S-mode code label, and taking absolute values to obtain a matrix serving as feature extraction input; and calculating a Fisher discriminant ratio of the matrix as feature extraction input, and selecting a point with the maximum Fisher discriminant ratio as a signal feature according to a preset number of to-be-extracted features. According to the invention, preprocessing and time-frequency conversion are carried out on the collected response signals, and then feature extraction is carried out, so that each airborne response device forms a signal-level feature of the airborne response device, and a signal-level feature library of the airborne response devices is formed.