The invention provides a preparation method of a pH-responsive quick self-repairing collagen-based hydrogel with adhesivity, antibiosis and pressure resistance. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, weighing PEG 2000, 4-formylbenzoic acid and dimethylaminopyridine, dissolving in tetrahydrofuran, adding N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in a nitrogen atmosphere, stirring, and then filtering to obtain a white solid; dissolving the white solid in tetrahydrofuran, precipitating in diethyl ether, drying to obtain DA-PEG, and dissolving in water to prepare a DA-PEG solution; S2, weighing and mixing a prepared collagen solution with a chitosan solution, wherein the mass ratio of the collagen solution to the chitosan solution is 3: 1-1: 3 to obtain a collagen/chitosan mixed solution; S3, adding a DA-PEG solution into the collagen/chitosan mixed solution under an ice bath condition to prepare a collagen/chitosan/DA-PEG mixed solution, adjusting the pH value to be 3.6-4.8, and uniformly mixing; and standing to obtain the pH-responsive quick self-repairing collagen-based hydrogel with adhesiveness, antibiosis and pressure resistance.