The invention provides a gas filed well site power supply and data acquisition transmission system including a cabinet which is at least equipped with a hub, a well site RTU, an industrial switch, a video server, a wireless data transmission module, a host computer and a power module, the input end of the hub is connected with a well site instrument, the output end is connected to the well site RTU, the well site RTU and the video server are in communication with the wireless data transmission module via the industrial switch, the wireless data transmission module is connected with the host computer, and the power module supplies power to the equipment in the cabinet. The system arrangement method includes that the well site RTU, a DC voltage transmitter, and the power module are arranged at the upper layer of the cabinet, the industrial switch, the wireless data transmission module, and the video server are arranged at the middle layer, and a surge protector, an air switch, the hub, and a binding post are arranged at the lower layer. The system integrates data acquisition, transmission, control and power supply modules in one, is in modular design, integrally supplies materials, and achieves the gas field well site data acquisition, control, communication and power supply functions.