The invention discloses a rat acceleration and deceleration brain trauma striking system which comprises an experimental platform, a striking module, a striker module, a positioning module and an acceleration and deceleration trauma switching module. The positioning module is longitudinally and perpendicularly arranged on the experimental platform, the striking module is transversely and perpendicularly arranged on the positioning module, the striking module is placed on the experimental platform, the striker module is arranged at the position, arranged between the positioning module and the striking module, of the experimental platform, and the acceleration and deceleration trauma switching module is arranged on the side edge, longitudinally and perpendicularly corresponding to the striking module, of the experimental platform. Compared with the prior art, the system can precisely manufacture a rat brain trauma model, the repeatability is good, the operation is easy, a rat does not easily die, the acceleration brain trauma model and a deceleration brain trauma model can be manufactured, trauma grading can be carried out on the manufactured models, a matched group of a brain opening cavity and a brain non-opening cavity can be manufactured, and a large amount of support can be provided for research for the human brain trauma.