The invention discloses a zero-discharge treatment method and system for mine strong brine. The zero-discharge treatment method for the mine strong brine comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out primary filtration and impurity removal treatment on the mine strong brine, and then carrying out primary reverse osmosis concentration; S2, performing chemical softening treatment on the primary reverse osmosis concentrated water; S3, carrying out secondary filtration and impurity removal treatment on the softened produced water, and then carrying out secondary reverse osmosis concentration; S4, carrying out microfiltration treatment on the secondary reverse osmosis concentrated water; S5, carrying out evaporation and concentration treatment on the microfiltration produced water; S6, performing sodium sulfate crystallization treatment on the concentrated solution, and sequentially thickening, centrifuging and drying the nitre slurry to obtain sodium sulfate; and S7, carrying out sodium chloride crystallization treatment on the saturated mother liquor subjected to sodium sulfate crystallization treatment in the step S6, and sequentially thickening, centrifuging and drying salt slurry to obtain sodium chloride. According to the invention, the water recovery rate of the production wastewater is greatly improved, the environment is protected, the crystalline salt is recycled, and the zero emission target of the mine strong brine is really achieved.