The invention provides a method for quickly establishing a three-dimensional near-seafloor speed model in a
shallow sea area; the method comprises the following steps of extracting initial informationand extracting a common-center-point gather; calculating the slope of the initial
travel time in the common-center-point gather; judging whether a
shot point is located in the
seawater layer or not,and if yes, correcting the
shot point to the seafloor; calculating the speed and the depth of inflection points corresponding to respective offset distances; performing linear interpolation on the speed at each depth to obtain a one-dimensional speed model of the common center point; after all the common-center point domain gathers are processed, adopting the linear interpolation method, calculating the speed values of the rest grid points by utilizing the one-dimensional speed model of all common center points, and a speed model is output. By adoption of the method for quickly establishing the three-dimensional near-seafloor speed model in the
shallow sea area, the influence of the
seawater layer on
ray propagation is overcome, and the influence of multiple excitation receiving
modes on an inversion result is eliminated, and the problem that the conventional method needs to carry out multi-
ray tracing forward modeling is avoided.