The invention discloses a railway special line vehicle safety monitoring device and method. In the device and method, a scanning camera, a light source, a laser sensor, a weighing and metering device,a vehicle number recognition device and a server are arranged. The server is respectively connected with the scanning camera, the laser sensor, the weighing and metering device, and the vehicle number recognition device so that it can record weight information, vehicle number information and top load status three-dimensional information of railway vehicles and vehicle stopping time information ofspecial line at the same time, and complete automatic collection and processing of status information of loading and unloading vehicles of special line through the server, thereby avoiding influenceof inconsistent time on the integration of different information, realizing effective integration of railway vehicle information, improving matching accuracy of a variety of information of the vehicles, and improving safety monitoring efficiency of railway freight.