The invention discloses a one-card control system and a one-card control method of a mobile phone Bluetooth swiping card. The control system comprises a one-card control center, an elevator management module, a mobile phone Bluetooth card reader, an input and output module; the elevator management module is in communication connection with the mobile phone Bluetooth card reader; a card number transmitted from the mobile phone Bluetooth card reader is processed in real time to judge whether the received card number is effective, and the input and output module carries out corresponding output according to permission control registered by the card number, or floor permission information stored on the mobile phone card of a user is directly read, and the input and output module carries out corresponding output according to the control of the permission information. The third-party linkage communication interface of the elevator management module or the one-card control center is respectively connected with an intercommunication access control system and a parking lot management system through TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) for linkage so as to realize seamless integration among systems. A mobile phone Bluetooth function is used for replacing a control method for starting an elevator by using a traditional card, so that the problem that the control for the elevator is not flexible through passive RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and active RFID originally is solved; meanwhile, the third-party linkage communication interface or the one-card control center achieves linkage with intercommunication access control, parking lots or other third parties to realize integrated application of multiple systems, so that the degree of automation is further improved.