River landform unit classification and identification method

The invention discloses a river landform unit classification and identification method. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining research data and field survey data of a research river reach and a river landform unit classification table; obtaining a gray interval of the same landform unit; eliminating landform units which do not exist in the research river reach; obtaining remote sensing data images of the research river reach in a dry season, a flat water period and a flood period and covering the research river reach, and carrying out graying processing on the three remote sensing data images; extracting river boundaries on the remote sensing data of the research basin after graying in the dry season, the flat water period and the flood period; obtaining the vegetation coverage degree in the river boundary in the three periods and the vegetation coverage degree in a preset distance range from the corresponding river boundary; according to the three river boundaries and the gray interval of each landform unit, performing rough identification of the landform unit on the research river reach; and carrying out secondary identification on the areas corresponding to the plurality of landform units during rough identification to obtain a final classification result.