61 results about "Soil science" patented technology

The invention discloses a layered remediation method for chromium contaminated soil. The method comprises the following steps: detecting the actual chromium contamination condition of soil, determining the boundary of severe and mild chromium contaminated soil on soil depth, performing remediation on the severe chromium contaminated soil by adopting a chemical reduction stabilization method, performing remediation on the mild chromium contaminated soil by adopting a chemical or biochemical reduction stabilization method, performing soil conservation, balancing the soil acidity and alkalinity and performing later-stage tracking and monitoring. An actual chromium contaminated field serves as a support, the combined remediation methods are selected aiming at the current situation that the contamination degrees of the upper soil and the bottom soil are different, the severe chromium contaminated soil on the surface layer is subjected to remediation by adopting the chemical reduction stabilization method, the mild chromium contaminated soil on the deep layer is subjected to remediation by adopting the chemical or biochemical reduction stabilization method, the defects that the soil properties are not distinguished and a same remediation method is adopted in a unified mode in the previous research are overcome, and ex-situ remediation and in-situ remediation are combined to be used, so that the remediation method is reasonable in application under the condition that the remediation effect is guaranteed, the remediation cost is reduced, and the method can be applied to actual soil remediation on a large scale.

The invention discloses a method for planting potatoes in dry land in an all-film mulching ridging micro-furrow mode. The method includes the following steps of (1) land selection, (2) soil preparation, (3) fertilizer application, (4) ridging, (5) mulching, (6) seed preparation, (7) sowing, (8) field management, (9) disease insect and weed damage prevention, (10) harvesting and (11) waste film removing. The method has the advantages that (1) the number of rain collecting faces is increased, and the rainfall infiltration rate is increased; (2) soil moisture content on ridges and soil temperature are remarkably increased, and nutritional growth of the potatoes is promoted; (3) the soil moisture content on the ridges in rainy seasons is reduced, high-temperature high-humidity stress is relieved, and disease risks are reduced; (4) the potatoes are planted on the tops of the ridges, soil is loose, and tuber development is promoted; (5) mechanical topdressing is facilitated, and fertilizer can be directly applied to the micro ridges; (6) black mulching film is adopted to cover the whole land, and weed in the field is removed; (7) the rainfall utilization efficiency is remarkably improved, and the potato tuber yield is remarkably increased. The method has wide application prospects for potato planting in dry northwest areas.

The invention provides a high and steep slope vegetation recovery structure. The surface layer of a high and steep slope body is covered with a growth substrate; a reinforced mesh is positioned in the growth substrate; water-blocking grooves are horizontally distributed in the growth substrate; a seed germination substrate is longitudinally embedded in a strip shape into the growth substrate; seed germination holes are distributed in microporous thin films according to the position of the seed germination substrate; the surfaces of the growth substrate and the seed germination substrate are covered with the microporous thin films in a fitted manner; the microporous thin films are clung to the bottoms of the water-blocking grooves at the water-blocking grooves. The slope substrate of the recovery structure is stable; soil or broken stones on the slope surface are effectively prevented from sliding off; the recovery structure is light in self weight, thereby facilitating the fixation of a greening substrate, increasing the germination rate of seeds and increasing the cover degree of vegetation; the water-blocking grooves are capable of prolonging the retaining time of the moisture from natural rainfall or manual watering on the microporous thin films to further enable the moisture to penetrate the growth substrate, thereby avoiding the runoff loss under the high and steep slope condition and the erosion of the runoff on the growth substrate or the seed germination substrate.

The invention relates to a rotary cultivator, in particular to a rapid rotary cultivator special for a paddy field. The rapid rotary cultivator special for the paddy field is capable of automaticallyploughing the field, high in working efficiency, capable of cleaning weeds and high in working quality is provided. The rapid rotary cultivator special for the paddy field comprises a shell, a push handle arranged on the shell, a first rotating shaft rotationally mounted on the shell through a bearing, two wheels mounted on the first rotating shaft, a soil turning assembly installed on the shell and used for turning soil in a rotating manner, and a power assembly installed on the shell and providing power in a rotating manner. According to the rapid rotary cultivator, soil turning can be conducted on the paddy field through the soil turning assembly, muddy water splashing can be avoided through an arc-shaped baffle while soil turning is conducted on the paddy field, power can be provided when soil turning is conducted on the paddy field through the power assembly, turned-out soil blocks can be pushed to be flat through a square plate, and larger soil blocks can be crushed through an awl.

The invention discloses soil moisture content detection equipment. The equipment comprises a machine body, and an evaporation cavity with a rightward opening is formed in the machine body; a transmission cavity is formed in the lower end in the machine body; a cooling stirring mechanism with a cooling function is arranged in the transmission cavity; a pushing mechanism for pushing out the tested soil is also arranged in the transmission cavity; and a detection mechanism for testing the moisture in the soil is arranged in the evaporation cavity. In the working process, to-be-detected soil can be heated and stirred, so that the evaporation thoroughness of moisture in the soil is improved, the evaporated moisture can be cooled into water and collected in a centralized mode to be measured, a detection result is obtained through calculation in time, and cooling water can be recycled.

The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration, and concretely relates to a geological exploration sampling device. The device comprises a supporting plate and a base plate and further comprises: a lifting plate slidably connected with the supporting plate, wherein a handle is fixedly mounted on the lifting plate; a control box located on the lifting plate, wherein the control box is in sliding connection with the supporting plate; and a sampling mechanism respectively connected with the supporting plate and the control box. The sampling mechanism comprises a soil sampling assembly, a lifting assembly and a positioning assembly, and the soil sampling assembly comprises a transmission unit, a sampling head and a sampling tube. The geological exploration sampling device is easy to operate and convenient to carry, the flexibility and practicability of the device are improved, the sampling work efficiency is improved, the accuracy of a sample detection result can be guaranteed, and convenience is provided for workers.

The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide flooding oil recovery increase in oil and gas field development, and discloses a carbon dioxide flooding gas front edge dynamic change prediction method. The carbon dioxide flooding gas front edge dynamic change prediction method includes the following processes that an injection-production corresponding condition is judged by comprehensively considering the suction profile result, the injection-production well spacing and the oil well effective condition, the gas injection volume is split in the different effective oil well directions, the splitting coefficient and the gas injection volume in different oil well directions are calculated according to the gas injection efficiency speed, a fan blade model is used for calculatingthe dynamic change of the gas drive front edge position under different gas injection volumes, and carbon dioxide flooding gas front edge dynamic change prediction is realized. By means of the method,only basic data such as production dynamics data, suction profile data and injection-production well spacing are needed, data collection and processing are simple, through gas drive front edge prediction, the advancement speed of CO2 under the oil deposit condition is better grasped, the gas generating time is better predicted, the dynamic change of the miscible range can be quantitatively calculated in combination with the pressure profile, and a basis is provided for CO2 dynamic tracking evaluation and injection-production parameter optimization adjustment.

The invention relates to the field of soil pollution treatment facilities, and in particular relates to a soil repairing system which comprises a soil digging device, a soil separation device, a soil conveying device, a chemical feeding device and a mixing device. By virtue of the cooperation of the five parts, the purpose of soil repairing is achieved, the structures of different parts are reasonably designed, and the repairing efficiency and the repairing effects are greatly improved as a whole.

The invention provides a method for hyperspectral inversion of soil erosion based on outdoor rainfall and indoor soil. The method comprises the following steps: performing indoor spectrum test, outdoor spectrum verification and artificial rainfall erosion test to obtain soil physicochemical parameter indexes; analyzing and screening the soil physicochemical parameter indexes to establish a hyperspectral feature spectrum library of single factor soil parameters; and establishing a soil physicochemical parameter-based soil erosion hyperspectral inversion model through combining the correlation degree of all the soil physicochemical parameters and the soil erodibility and a hyperspectral inversion technology thereof according to the hyperspectral feature spectrum library. The hyperspectral spectral library of the single factor soil parameters is established through the indoor spectrum test, outdoor spectral verification and artificial rainfall erosion test in order to quickly, accuratelyand efficiently establish the hyperspectral inversion model of soil erosion.

The invention discloses a method for soil remediation. The method for soil remediation comprises the following step of (1) soil filtering, specifically, soil containing garbage is excavated and loosened through an excavator and then is subjected to primary filtering through a filtering net, and after being filtered, the soil is flattened again through the excavator. By carrying out primary filtering on the to-be-remediated soil, most solid substances, particularly metal and plastic products incapable of being naturally decomposed, can be filtered out, and thus the soil keeps clean; remediationis conducted by planting poplars, the effect that plants absorb part of elements in the soil can be effectively promoted, and thus overhigh sulfur and phosphorus elements in the plants are reduced; and meanwhile, grass has strong vitality, grow rapidly and can also be converted into nutrient substances after death.

The invention discloses a composite improver for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil and a preparation process thereof. The composite improver mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 260-310 parts of organic fertilizer, 25-31 parts of microbial agent, 0.03-0.07 part of difenoconazole, 0.05-0.1 part of pyrethrum, 0.03-0.09 part of bacillus thuringiensis, 0.04-0.08 part of dioctyl divinyltriamino glycine and 0.02-0.06 part of lactobacillus plantarum. The composite improver is simple in formula and low in cost, and has a significant effect of improving the heavy metal contaminated soil.

The invention belongs to the field of a geotechnical test in civil engineering, and concretely relates to a multifunctional testing apparatus for on-site determination of expansion of sulfuric acid salinized soil saline. The apparatus comprises a soil pond, a separator plate, an earth pressure box, a temperature sensor, a vertical displacement observation mark post, and a plastic pipe; a cross section of the soil pond is in a rectangular shape, and the soil pond is enclosed by adjacent two reinforced concrete walls and adjacent two masonry walls, the separator plate is vertically placed between two long edges of the soil pond, and the soil pond is separated to a compartment. The earth pressure box is buried at an inner side of the wall of the soil pond, the temperature sensor is buried ata to-be-detected soil sample in each compartment, and the vertical displacement observation mark post is vertically arranged at the center of the compartment. The through-holes are arranged at the wall at the bottom of two short edges of the soil pond, the through-hole is connected with the plastic pipe filled with a sodium sulfate solution, and the solution is penetrated into the to-be-detected soil sample through a middle sand cushion layer at the bottom of the soil pond. The multifunctional testing apparatus can be used for measuring expansion ratio and bulging force of different types of salinized soil under different temperatures and different lateral constrained conditions.

The invention discloses an in-situ vibration wash restoration method for a polluted soil body. The method comprises the following steps: 1) determining pollution character and range of the soil body, and selecting and determining the type of washing fluid; 2) dividing the polluted soil body into a plurality of blocky soil bodies, and arranging seepage-proofing baffles on the bottom surface and four sides of each blocky soil body respectively for separation; 3) digging a liquid collecting trough in a clean soil body at one edge of the polluted soil body; 4) enabling the most marginal blocky soil body to be adjacent to the liquid collecting trough, and forming a plurality of through holes in the seepage-proofing baffle facing to the liquid collecting trough; 5) conducting vibration wash restoration on blocky soil body adjacent to the liquid collecting trough; 6) draining the liquid collecting trough, ploughing restored blocky soil body into the liquid collecting trough, forming a new liquid collecting trough in the original position of the restored blocky soil body, and repeating the step 4) and 5); 7) repeating the step 6) until the whole polluted soil body is completely restored. The in-situ restoration of the soil body is realized, the cost of soil body restoration is reduced, and the restoration efficiency of the polluted soil body is improved.

The invention discloses a reconstructed vegetation remote sensing discrimination method based on long-time sequence vegetation indexes, and is suitable for the technical field of mine ecological environment monitoring. Through long-time sequence vegetation indexes of vegetation are used and after noise identification and prediction value calculation, a vegetation growth curve is constructed basedon Fourier series and a least square method, and the annual vegetation index mean value of the regional vegetation in the time sequence year is further obtained; and the method further includes calculating the change trend of the vegetation index in every five years by utilizing linear fitting, taking the difference degree between the past change trend and the future five years at a certain time point as a judgment index, and when the difference degree exceeds a set threshold value, determining that the vegetation is reconstructed and the year with the maximum difference degree is the vegetation reconstruction starting time. According to the invention, the complete growth process of the vegetation is effectively reflected, so that the one-sidedness of single-time-point data is reduced, theaccuracy of time series data is improved through noise identification and predicted value calculation, and the influence of abnormal data of a single year on the overall growth trend of the vegetation is reduced by taking the vegetation growth trend difference degree as a judgment index.

The invention relates to a layered sampling device for soil detection sampling, the layered sampling device comprises two handle frames, a driving device and a sampling device, the number of the handle frames is two, the handle frames are symmetrically installed at the upper end of the driving device, and the sampling device is detachably installed at the lower end of the driving device. The device can solve the problems that when existing equipment is used for stratified sampling of soil, the sampling effect is poor, the phenomenon of material mixing is prone to occurring during stratified sampling, consequently, soil sampling is inaccurate, and the accuracy of subsequent soil detection is affected, and meanwhile when the existing equipment is used for stratified sampling of soil, sampling is usually conducted in an insertion mode, when impurities such as rhizomes and stones are contained in the soil, sampling failure is easily caused, the phenomenon of equipment damage is easily caused, and the subsequent use of the sample soil is influenced.

The invention discloses a method for constructing anti-slide piles in a creep deformation landslide mass. The method comprises the following steps that soil body inclinometer pipes are arranged on theupper middle portion of the landslide mass so as to detect the state of the landslide mass in good time; slope toe anti-slide piles are constructed at the slope toe positions of the landslide mass toreinforce the landslide mass; a prestress anchor cable and an anchor cable frame beam are constructed in the middle of the landslide mass; the multiple anti-slide piles in the landslide mass are sequentially constructed at the rock clamping position in a tunnel, the construction principle of hole-separation jump excavation and pile hole staggering is adopted in the multiple anti-slide piles in the landslide mass for construction, the excavation depths of the same batch of pile holes cannot be on the same plane, the excavation depths of the pile holes are staggered by a certain distance, and therefore the risk of secondary landslide is reduced; and monitoring devices such as concrete strain gauges and pressure box monitoring alarms are arranged in the anti-slide piles in the landslide mass, the ground surface and the interior of the landslide mass can be monitored at the same time through the monitoring devices, the state of the landslide mass can be obtained in good time, reliable information parameters are provided for construction, and the construction safety is ensured.

The invention provides a surrounding rock large deformation intelligent evaluation method based on a random forest algorithm, and relates to the field of tunnel surrounding rock large deformation evaluation methods. The invention provides a surrounding rock large deformation grade intelligent calculation method and a surrounding rock large deformation evaluation table, and is suitable for evaluation and prediction of the confining pressure large deformation degree in the investigation and design stage. According to the method, the large deformation degree of the area can be directly judged according to geological exploration data, so that the operability in the exploration design stage is high; six main influence factors of surrounding rock large deformation are comprehensively considered,semi-quantitative processing is adopted for different factors, consideration is comprehensive, and reliability is high; a large number of engineering instances are counted and calculated by using anadvanced random forest machine learning intelligent algorithm, so that the prediction precision is high and the engineering practicability is high.

The invention discloses a roadbed filler compaction quality control method and system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring compaction target information; drawing a dry density-mass moisture content relation curve graph according to the compaction target information; according to the dry density-mass moisture content relation curve graph, generating quality controllable data; and executing quality control operation through the quality controllable data. The method solves the problems that according to an existing compaction method and standard, the index values such as the mass moisture content, the dry density/compaction degree or the rigidity of compaction filler are controlled, the indexes cannot represent the unsaturated state, therefore roadbed design, compaction construction and normal service lack unsaturated soil theoretical correlation, it cannot be really and effectively guaranteed that the compaction characteristic meets design targets and service requirements such as post-construction volume change and water-force performance in the service period, space-time variability of compaction energy, filler physical states (types, gradation and the like) and the like in the field compaction process is not considered, and compaction quality evaluation indexes still need to be further improved.

The invention discloses an environmental chamber temperature uniformity testing method and a sample containing device. The method comprises the following steps: S1, manufacturing a sample holder, wherein the sample holder comprises a frame structure and a panel wrapping the frame structure, the top of the frame structure serves as a mounting layer, a bottom plate is used for carrying of detectionequipment and necessary containing of heavy samples, and a plurality of bearing layers parallel to the bottom plate are further arranged on vertical supporting columns; S2, arranging temperature sensors at each corner and each bearing layer of the sample holder; S3, moving the position of the sample holder in the environment chamber, obtaining the numerical values of all temperature sensors on thesample holder at each position, and calculating the standard deviation; and S4, when the standard deviation in the temperature acquisition data area reaches 95%, taking the position as the optimal position in the environment chamber. According to the invention, the bearing requirements of different positions of samples and measuring equipment and the problems of accurate distribution and fixationof sensors during environment chamber equipment detection at an extreme temperature are solved. And through sensor point distribution monitoring, temperature uniformity detection in the space of themovable measuring frame can be realized.

The invention discloses a soil composite modifier and application thereof. The soil composite modifier is prepared from, by mass, 10-20% of activated sludge, 10-20% of fulvic acid, 10-20% of charcoal,1-5% of microbial agent, 10-20% of calcium bentonite, 5-10% of zeolite flakes, 20-30% of sulfate reducing bacteria liquid and 20-30% of organic fertilizer. The prepared composite improver for the construction waste contaminated soil can improve the problem of soil alkalinization caused by disordered stacking and landfill of construction waste, can adsorb heavy metals in the construction waste andheavy metals in the deep layer of the soil, has a good effect of removing heavy metal ion pollution, meets the requirements of plant growth, and can be used for alkaline soil remediation, remediationof heavy metal pollution in soil caused by disordered stacking and landfilling of construction waste and remediation of deep soil pollution.

The invention provides a large-size sample sampling device for undisturbed soil at the bottom of a foundation pit and a using method of the large-size sample sampling device. The device comprises a sampling box and a bottom cutting frame, wherein an open end is arranged at the lower part of the sampling box; the bottom cutting frame is arranged outside the sampling box, and the bottom end part of the bottom cutting frame is propped against the open end in a sliding manner and is used for closing the open end; U-shaped sliding chutes are formed in two ends of the upper part of the sampling box; supporting strips are arranged at positions, which correspond to the U-shaped sliding chutes, of the upper part of the bottom cutting frame; and the supporting strips are connected with the U-shaped sliding chutes in an inserted manner. According to the device disclosed by the invention, undisturbed soil samples of different depths are obtained by utilizing depth conditions created by foundation pit excavation, the device does not have requirements on independence of the soil samples and is suitable for sampling various sandy soils and clays, particularly soil bodies such as clean sandy soils and soft soils which cannot stand independently.