The invention discloses a room-temperature preparation method of a metal-organic framework material preferentially adsorbing ethane. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing zinc oxide and copper tetrafluoroborate hexahydrate in water and ethanol; dispersing quinoline-5-carboxylic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide; mixing the former solutions, and stirring an obtained mixed solution at room temperature; filtering the stirred solution to obtain a solid product, purifying, drying and performing vacuum activation to obtain the metal-organic framework material preferentially adsorbing the ethane. By the room-temperature preparation method, the metal-organic framework material with good alkane selectivity is prepared at room temperature, the synthesizing energy consumption of the material is reduced, and the prepared material has good adsorptive separation performance for ethylene-ethane gas at normal temperature and pressure. The material can preferentially adsorb the ethane from the ethylene-ethane mixed gas; in addition, the material has good water vapor stability, and still has a good crystal structure after 40-day direct exposure to air.