The invention belongs to the technical field of waste electrode material recovery, and particularly discloses a combined treatment method of waste lithium ion battery black powder. The method comprises the following steps: putting the waste lithium ion battery black powder into a strong oxidizing acid liquor for oxidation treatment, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain oxidizedpowder; carrying out granulation treatment on the powder subjected to oxidation treatment to obtain secondary particles; heating the secondary particles to 600-1200 DEG C at the heating speed of 20-50DEG C/min, and carrying out heat preservation roasting under the pressure of 10-500 Pa; carrying out water leaching on the roasted materia,l and then carrying out acid leaching treatment; and mixingthe obtained leaching solution with the oxidation treatment solution obtained in step 1, and recovering a positive electrode material, wherein leaching residues obtained through acid leaching are recycled graphite. According to the technical scheme, the combined treatment of a positive electrode and a negative electrode can be realized, in addition, the graphite material with high electrochemicalactivity, particularly high fast charging stability, can be obtained, and a positive electrode material can be obtained through high-recovery-rate recovery.