The invention provides a method for extracting volatile fatty acids. The method comprises the following steps: S1, performing anaerobic fermentation on the landfill leachate by taking landfill leachate as a fermentation substrate and taking anaerobic digested sludge as inoculated sludge, and adding an enzyme catalyst so as to obtain fermentation liquor, wherein the enzyme catalyst comprises any one or multiple in oxidordeuctase, hydrolase and transferase; and S2, performing centrifugal separation on the fermentation liquor, thereby obtaining the supernatant containing the volatile fatty acids.According to the method, the landfill leachate is taken as the raw material, any one or multiple enzyme catalysts in the oxidordeuctase, hydrolase and transferase is/are added to perform anaerobic fermentation and centrifugal separation so as to extract the volatile fatty acids (VFA). The produced VFA can serve as an external carbon source for biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorous in sewage, can also serve as a carbon source for producing biodegradable plastic materials, and achieves the aim of resource recycling while realizing organic wastewater degradation.