The invention relates to a pretreatment method of microchemical analysis of a pectoral fin strip of a Chinese sturgeon, and belongs to the technical field of biological monitoring environments. The pretreatment method includes the steps that a small section of the pectoral fin strip of the Chinese sturgeon is washed and dried in the air, the pectoral fin strip is fixed to a cube resin block, aftersolidification, the cube resin block is fixed to the upper surface of a bottom plate of a mold in an upright manner, a reagent is prepared, the reagent is added to the fixing mold to form cylindricalresin, the cylindrical resin is polished, the pectoral fin strip is transferred to a glass slide, and pectoral fin strip slices are formed, washed and then dried. According to the pretreatment methodof microchemical analysis of the pectoral fin strip of the Chinese sturgeon, on the premise of satisfying sample conditions required for microchemical analysis, combined with the body characteristicsof the biological tissue of pectoral fins of the Chinese sturgeon, pectoral fin strip samples of the Chinese sturgeon processed by the treatment method can meet the multiple analysis requirements ofelectron probe analysis, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the like, and sample pretreatment methods required for microchemical analysis of the pectoral fin strips of various Chinese sturgeons are unified.