The invention discloses a wireless type-based soil temperature and moisture gradient measuring system. The soil temperature and moisture gradient measuring system comprises sensor groups consisting of soil temperature sensors and soil moisture sensors, wherein each sensor group is arranged in a vertical gradient direction of soil to be measured, a sensor node is formed by multiple sensor groups in the same vertical gradient direction through an analog-digital conversion channel, a node transmission network is formed by a ZigBee wireless network and a routing node between every two sensor nodes, the node transmission network is connected with a central acquisition node through a multi-channel analog switch to form a star topology structure, and the central acquisition node carries out internal storage and precision calibration on data transmitted by the sensor node, and transmits the processed data to a data display terminal through an RS232/RS485 communication interface for observation and analysis. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the measurement of three-dimensional soil temperature and moisture is achieved, and each sensor node is used for wireless transmission of data, so that the energy consumption is low, and the applicable occasions are wide.