Wash products

[0043]Silver bromide was initially prepared from a saturated sodium bromide solution, combined with silver nitrate in solution. The yellow precipitate, silver bromide, was than purified by filtration and washing. Additionally, the solid was allowed to dry before use.

[0044]A buffer system having a pH of 7.41 was prepared by adding Fisherbrand® potassium phosphate monobasic-sodium phosphate dibasic buffer to 2 Erlenmeyer flasks filled with 1000 ml of purified water. The first flask was treated with 1.12 grams of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) and marked solution “D” and the second flask was left untreated and marked solution “C” for control. In regards to the 5,5-dimethylhydantoin

[0045](DMH), the 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) comprised 97% reagent grade was obtained from Aldrich ® (CAS No. 77-71-4, Cat. No. D161403-1KG).

[0046]After the initial set-up, approximately 0.10 grams of dried silver bromide was introduced into a dialysis tubing (Fisherbrand®, 45 mm, MWCO 12,000-14,000) along with pur

[0052]In the second test, two test spas were used in performing 3 studies to evaluate the potential use of DMH to increase silver solubility in the presence of alternative disinfection systems such as sodium bromide. The first spa used was a 125-gallon Marquis ® brand triangle shaped spa having the dimensions 60″×60″×82″ with a height of 32″ and a water depth of 27″ without bathers. This spa featured 13 jets and one pleated filter cartridge (Unicel 5CH-502), having a filtration area of 50 square feet. The second spa was a 325-gallon Dimension One ® brand spa having the dimensions 90″×90″×35.5″ with a water depth of approximately 25″ without bathers. The Dimension One® brand spa featured 32 jets and two pleated filter cartridges (Unicel 7CH-975), each having a filtration area of 75 square feet. Spa water was maintained between 100° F. (37.8° C.) to 104° F. (40° C.) and was circulated at least 2 hours daily.

[0053]In the each of the studies, a reagent grade Dimethylhydantoin (DMH, CAS No.

[0085]A cartridge containing a metal ion donor comprising limestone particles with some of the particles having a silver chloride coating was placed in a 300 gallon spa. The limestone particles were used for the carrier while the silver chloride became the silver ion donor. The cartridge contained approximately 57 grams of granular limestone coated with a polymer containing silver chloride. In addition to the silver ion donor bromine was added to the spa from a bromine donor. The bromine level was maintained at 1-2 ppm through the daily addition of a bromine donor comprising 1-bromo-3-chloro-5,5 dimethylhydantion (C5H6BrCIN2O2) which is available commercially in granular form under the tradename BromCide®. Approximately 14 grams of 1-bromo-3-chloro-5,5 dimethylhydantion (BCDMH) was added daily to maintain the bromine concentration at levels of 1-2 ppm during bather use. The temperature of the spa was maintained at 102 degrees F. Two bathers used the spa for 30 minutes per day for 5 day